نشئة وسائل الاعلام العمانيه والتحديات التي واجهتها

Before 1970, there were no much care about media at all and people were uneducated and they live in time of darkness and poverty. The media they used was a few books like Alfalaq book, pomes and through trading and travelling. When Sultan Qaboos came to power in 1970, he established three schools caring about education as first of his goals and the media had started to grow. It was historical rebirth we never forget it. At that time Radio was the first sound tool to contact and hear the voice of the leader with his citizens. There is no print media until 1971 when Al-Watn newspaper established as weekly newspaper in the first periods and then it became a daily newspaper in 1972. Then, television as electronic media came to Oman in 1974. (1) A small broadcasting station was established at Bait al-Falaj in 1970. It was only a one kW transmitter but it enabled people to hear the voice of their leader for the first time. About the same time in 1971 another radio station was opened in Salalah, the capital city of the southern region which is about 1,000 km away from the capital Muscat. This station was to serve the people in that part of the country who were unable to receive signals from the capital. n 1972 a new medium wave 10 kW station was inaugurated, broadcasting regularly 14 hours a day and 18 hours on holidays. In 1975, the Ministry installed 100 kW medium wave transmitters in Muscat and Salalah. They were linked after two years. (2) There are many newspapers between 1971 and 1975. Al-Watan newspaper established in 1971 as private newspaper owned by Mohammed Al-taei and was printed first in Beirut and later in Kuwait due to the absence of a printing press in Oman. Oman government newspaper published in 1972 as (1) http:// www.omanet.om/english/misc/infp1.asp (2) http://www.oman-tv.gov.om/tvara/defult.asp Arabic daily newspaper.This was followed in November by Oman Observer as English daily. Times of Oman published about the same time started as weeklies Tabloid and later went into daily. Al-Shabibah – an Arabic Daily started about the same time 1972 too. Television transmissions from Muscat commenced in November 1974, while the Salalah television station started transmitting to the Dhofar Governorate in November 1975 to cover the whole Governorate of Dhofar and south of Oman. After two years they interlinked the two stations. The challenges media faced: Many challenges media faced such as finance, lack of journalists, difficulty in reaching every places and printing press. For example, radio coverage for Omani citizens only didn’t reach to all cities in Oman even not every cities in Muscat were covered like Qriyat city because this broadcasting was used the simple techniques under the ground like cable. For more than 35 years, radio transmitter was broadcast 14 hours a day only. Also, the programs not covered every citizens needs but it was focus on enjoyment and children programs more. (1) From my interview with my father, he says radio reception was poor, the signal was disordered and when you want to listen to radio you must go to coffee shop where noise is there. Moreover, newspapers were printed outside Oman and sometimes not arrive in the same day printed. It was very difficult to reach every places inside Oman and most people were uneducated they can’t read so they didn’t get (1) Omani media, (.(2006, July 12).AL-Watan newspaper Much benefits from these newspapers at that time. My dad mentioned in the interview that most people were working to stay live because of difficult life and no time to learn. Exploratory study by the researcher on the existing and interested in cultural journalism, and a number of challenges faced by the cultural journalism in the Sultanate of Oman, and we can review with the following: 1 - lack of specialized versions of cultural in the strict sense of the Sultanate of Oman, Nizwa quarterly magazine, except for known despite the existence of cultural supplements of the three weekly newspapers (Oman, home and youth) and the doors are limited in time and in newspaper weekly magazines. But that these supplements cultural closed and limit culture of the concept of a narrow confined to aspects of poetry, criticism and the story without realizing that culture means in the wider sense of the creative aspects of scientific fields. Through the creation of some of views between different human civilizations and work to bridge the knowledge gap between them. 2 - Lack of qualified staff journalist who carries the banner of the press, crowned with Aura cultural project aimed. The qualified staff Group in the Omani cultural journalism can be either a government employee working as an opportunity and mood or his love of freelance journalism and all of them are not full-time to the reality of a particular cultural work. If three newspapers in some of them holding their cultural issues but they are working in other areas, so cultural vision fluctuate in some newspapers Cultural Rights, but has been absent in many newspapers, magazines or newspapers become pregnant for the title of culture in fact the contrary. It is no propaganda only. 3- The difficulty of transmission of newspapers and magazines and only the spots and places of the most useful on a commercial scale. Many of the cultural newspapers and magazines do not reach the hands of the recipients outside the major cities as if the intellectual is located in the Department of towns and cities but not others. However, the reason for this is to: * Physical reason is that some newspapers and magazines are not sold, unless a limited. So could incur a material loss if the numbers were distributed in Arab countries other than the country which issued it, because the value of sales in these countries can not cover the costs of transmission and distribution. *Political reason for the different political systems prevailing in the Arab countries and the conflict between the opposing currents, a conflict that often take the form of media In addition, television transmissions were weak and more affected by the geographic problems. There were no satellites only depending on earth transmission. Also, there were limited programs and broadcast around eight to ten hours. My dad says in the interview that there weren’t electricity in every place. Furthermore, television was not available everywhere and very difficult to own one. As we know things come step by step, so media were suited to these challenges because this was the beginning to rebirth and development. In the resent years we can see that media is escorting the new technologies and every type of media is available anywhere even in internet and not costly. How media can set up if it been in charge? In the past, there were no rules to control the media because most media were private owned and some media were removed. Now there are many stations, prints and technologies trying to solve any problems media face and there is a ministry of information setting the rules and controlling the media. In the end, media positively helped people to be educated and more cultured from long time ago. Most people have the habit to read, listen and watch or consume media so they can not do without it. Media is very important to businesses and organization because media make people have habit of consuming through the advertisements. Media in Oman overcame on all the difficulties they faced in 1970s

Reference

1. Oman and the world, retrieved on 25th of October from www.omanet.om/english/misc/infp1.asp 2. Media history, retrieved on 26th of October from www.oman-tv.gov.om/tvara/defult.asp 3. Alhashmi, K. (2009, October 21st) his house, Omani media in the past. 4. Omani media, (.(2006, July 12).AL-Watan newspaper. 5. Nizwa magazine, 15/7/2009, http://www.nizwa.com/articles.php?id=1744